Home Breadcrumb caret Investments Breadcrumb caret Market Insights Why good service can bite you Don’t let concern for client needs run you afoul of regulators By Staff | March 26, 2013 | Last updated on March 26, 2013 6 min read Clients come first True fiduciaries put customers’ interests before their own, and do everything reasonable to ensure the solvency and prosperity of the families they serve. But that altruistic mindset can sometimes land advisors in hot water. Registration requirements are strict and might stand in the way of an advisor providing access to an investment that’s truly in the client’s best interests. Mutual fund or insurance-registered reps, for example, may feel a specific stock is the best tool to round out a portfolio; but they can’t act on that belief without IIROC registration. Similarly, those same reps might want to acquire a private placement or real-estate investment—but those transactions require registration as an Exempt Market Dealer. Read: CSA paper examines advisor fiduciary duty A desire to do right by the client frequently spurs advisors to find work-arounds to secure client access to financial products they otherwise couldn’t provide—most often by soliciting licensed dealers to conduct the transactions. What you can, and can’t say If you’re not fully securities-licensed but want to help clients get into products you can’t sell, here are a few tips: Don’t directly solicit interest in the security or the issuer of the security. Don’t make any specific recommendations. Don’t talk too much about any given product—you’re not allowed to give advice if you’re not registered. So, avoid the specifics of the offering. Instead, simply tell the client, “I can’t place that trade, but I know someone who can, and he or she can provide the details.” Understand there is a professional requirement to know who can sell a given investment. You must be prepared to refer the client to a salesperson for that product if the client asks. Referring the client to the specific security, however, would put you offside. Obtain client consent to make the referral to keep you onside with privacy laws, and then provide a list of suitable dealers that can complete the transaction on the client’s behalf. Tell your firm about this referral arrangement (referral arrangements can only be entered into at a firm level). Have a proper documented arrangement between the firms, so each can supervise and determine who’s doing what. Since arrangements must be at the dealer level, rather than advisor-to-advisor, the onus is on the dealer to give the client written information on referral fees. The client doesn’t need to sign off on it, but this is a best practice. Explain the referral arrangement in detail to the client. The practice, called referral arrangements, began innocently enough back in 2004. When clients approached advisors registered with mutual fund dealers about buying specific stocks, advisors could either turn the business away, or refer clients to an IIROC firm that was likely to poach the customer. Quid pro quos solved this dilemma: the non-IIROC introducing party would obtain the desired stock or other investment from a registered dealer and have that dealer process the trade in exchange for a promise not to spirit the client away. “These people were referring trades. They weren’t referring clients,” says David Gilkes, director of the Exempt Market Dealers Association of Canada. Clients didn’t always understand that, though, so “investors started to see mutual-fund dealers almost as investment dealers.” Problem was, they weren’t, so MFDA and IIROC field examiners started looking for trades done on a referral basis where the processor of the transaction hadn’t done proper know-your-client reviews or suitability assessments—or where the initiator simply wasn’t registered to engage in a full-on securities transaction. Read: Clients speak up “There’s nothing wrong with referring a client to someone else who can do the service you can’t do,” Gilkes adds, “but you can’t pretend you can do this service, and you can’t act as a surrogate for that person.” And, of course, the IIROC firm is required to take the client on properly—including properly conducting a know-your-client and know-your-product review to ensure suitability. It’s the job of the MFDA or insurance advisor to explain this to the client, and to ensure both firms are aware of the referral arrangement so they can both do proper compliance at the firm level. Follow the money How money changed hands was also a problem. In some cases, investment dealers were functioning much like discount brokers: processing trades and taking a commission from the mutual fund dealer, not the client. The OSC stepped in and specified agreements for these transactions had to be between actual dealer firms, and not just advisors, to ensure proper oversight. Read: Don’t get caught in regulatory traps But by the time firms established those requirements, the practice had spread beyond mutual fund and securities advisors to include portfolio managers (many of whom register only with their provinces and have no relationships with self-regulators that oversee trading), and insurance agents (who register in their provinces but aren’t required to register with securities regulators). These advisors referred clients to both investment dealers for conventional securities transactions, and EMDs (then called limited-market dealers) for private placements and real estate investments. Further, the practice spread to western Canada, where reps who’d never heard of referral arrangements saw an opportunity to act as intermediaries between clients who wanted specific securities, and investment dealers who were licensed to sell them. They started cold-calling clients to encourage transactions, even though they weren’t directly licensed to sell investments. “This is where the problem starts,” says Gilkes, who also is president of North Star Compliance & Regulatory Solutions and spent seven years as manager of registrant regulation with the OSC. “With that mentality, you easily trip the trigger to be registered as a dealer. If you’re in the business of dealing in securities—you make a living at it, you hold yourself out as that, you do the things that a dealer does—you need registration.” Read: Are outside business activities worth the risk? Registration triggers That regulatory trap is particularly problematic for advisors who don’t carry full securities licences but have been in the business a long time. By and large, this cadre of advisors has a solid foundation of knowledge about less-common products and how they can balance out client portfolio needs. Often, they buy such products for their own portfolios and want to let clients in on a good thing. And, naturally, the fund or insurance advisor wants to control the relationship and be part of the process. But what starts as an act of fiduciary intent can trip the business trigger requiring the rep (and the firm he or she works with) to be registered as an EMD or investment dealer. By wanting to be helpful or provide good customer service, they end up performing activities—often as simple as delivering the subscription agreement to a customer or delivering a client cheque to a dealer or EMD—deemed to be in furtherance of a trade. Read: Prepare to be squeezed Avoid both scenarios. “Securities regulators take it seriously. Across Canada, they have sanctioned those individuals who have engaged in activities that require registration,” says Brian Koscak, chair of the Exempt Market Dealers Association of Canada. If you’re in the business of dealing in securities, you need registration. – David Gilkes “If insurance agents are doing anything other than referring their books of business to a registrant, they need to get some legal advice on securities registration issues,” he says. “Just because an insurance agent has entered into a referral arrangement with a registrant does not mean they can engage in registrable activities.” And, he adds, they should “also get guidance from the registrant receiving the referral of what they can and cannot do, and put it in writing.” What dealers think The exempt market dealers association asked its members: Source: Exempt Market Dealers Association Staff The staff of Advisor.ca have been covering news for financial advisors since 1998. Save Stroke 1 Print Group 8 Share LI logo